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Sex segregation
Sex segregation is the physical, legal, and cultural separation of people according to their biological sex. This is distinct from gender segregation, which is the separation of people according to social constructions of gender.〔Prince, Virginia. 2005. "Sex vs. Gender." ''International Journal of Transgenderism''. 8(4).〕
In certain circumstances, sex segregation is controversial.〔Salomone, Rosemary C. “Are Single-Sex Schools Inherently Unequal? Same, Different, Equal: Rethinking Single-Sex Schooling.” “Michigan Law Review.” 102(6):1219-1244〕 Some critics contend that it is a violation of capabilities and human rights and can create economic inefficiencies, while some supporters argue that it is central to certain religious laws and social and cultural histories and traditions.〔The World Bank. 2012. “Gender Equality and Development: World Development Report 2012.” Washington, D.C: The World Bank.〕〔Nussbaum, Martha C. 2003. “Women’s Education: A Global Challenge.” “Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society” 29(2): 325–355〕
==Definitions==
The term “sex” in “sex segregation” refers to apparent biological distinctions between men and women, used in contrast to “gender”.〔Cohen, David S. 2010. "The Stubborn Persistence of Sex Segregation." ''Columbia Journal of Gender and Law'' forthcoming 2010〕 The term “segregation” refers to separation of the sexes, which can be enforced by rules, laws, and policies, or be a ''de facto'' outcome in which people are separated by sex. Even as a de facto outcome, “sex segregation” taken as a whole can be caused by societal pressures, historical practices, and socialized preferences. Literally, sex segregation can be physical and spatial separation by sex, but the term is also used for the exclusion of one sex from participation in an occupation, institution, or group. Sex segregation can be complete or partial, as when members of one sex predominate within, but do not exclusively constitute, a group or organization.〔
The term gender apartheid or (sexual apartheid) also has been applied to segregation of people by gender, implying that it is sexual discrimination. Insofar as sex segregation is a form of sex discrimination, its effects have important consequences for gender equality and equity.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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